Alloy



g be (produced by means of one or more cheap Patented May 6,

' UNITED S'IlATES ,P ATENrdenamazon-o. m. cor-m or naoorrmm, new YORK,

armor.

Io Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ANTHONY G. on Gonraa, a citizen of the United States, and a tageous properties, such for example, as

marked resistance to oxidation at high and. low temperatures, resistance to the action of niany acids and alkalis, high tensile strength, and readiness with which it may 'be cast, machined, forged, rolled, drawn, stamped or otherwim worked;

Various chromium containin alloys have been previously proposed wit the object of roviding metallic products to meet specia requirements, but the properties have usually been so restricted as to render the alloys unsuitable for-general commercial ap-, plication, and the use of these has been further limited by reason of thehigh cost of essential components, metallurgical difiiculties in production of the alloys, difiiculties in the manufacture or products therefrom, etc. i

The present inventionprovides an alloy which possesses 'numerous'improved resistant and other properties; its essential components' may be erived from inexpensive ores, Joy-products or other materials; it may comparatlvely' simple methods, andit can be readily and econ'omicallyutilized for the manufacture of many articles for diversified purposes; consequently, the present alloy-has distinct advantages of imlroved properties, ease and economy of pr notion of the alloy itself, and the manufacture ture's, resistance to the corrosive or other actionpf many acids, alkalis, gases, molten metals and metallic and non-metallic comtherefrom of castings, forgings, 'stampin'gs, wire andother articles of general commercial utility. i r v I have found that by alloying or otherwise intimately combiningiwn and chromium with a comparatively small amount of boron, e. g., 15 per-cent or less of the weight "Application as mumm- 1a, 192:. Serial I0. 501,393,

of the final ,alloy, I obtain products of a metallic character which not only possess materially improved resistant vand other properties, as compared to heretofore known alloys or metallic products, but in many mstances possess advantagedus qualities not found in such other alloys or products. For example, an alloy combining high tensile strength, resistance to. oxidation, rusting,

perature, resistance to' the action of .many metals and nonmetals, such as carbon, sulfur, etc., many organic and inorganic compounds, and which may be readily cast, machined, welded, forged, rolled, drawn,

corrosion, etc., over a wide range of temstamped or otherwise worked, contains chro- I miu'm from 5 to 35 per cent, boron from 0.25 to 15 per cent and virtually all of the balance iron; or an alloy which possess many of the above important qualities, but, in some instances, is not as readily machined,

trical resistance, is particularly resistant to oxidation, corrosion, etc., at low and extremely high temperatureaas well as the rolled, drawn or. stamped, and has high elecaction of many alkalis and acids, either hot in or cold, concentrated or dilute, contains chromium from 20 to 60 per cent, boron 0.25

to .15 per cent and virtually all of the'bal ance iron.

The proportions of the component ele- 1 ments may thus be more or less varied, 1 e., a

60 per cent and the boron content between the chromium content may be between 5and accordingly; and one or more of the essen- 'tial elements may be partially replaced by one or more additional elements. Therefore,

the proportions of the elements in the alloy stances,'and always highly advantageous for may be determined, to a greater or lessextent, by the requirements of any particular vapglication, conditions of economy, etc.

, oron appears to be essential in many inr imparting to the presentalloy various definite properties and characteristics, such 'for example, as increased" tensile strength,

marked resistance to oxidation, rusting, scaling, burning, etc., at low and high tempera- 'n'ous.ingots and castings; and such boron containing alloys may cast, forged, me-

chined, rolled, drawn, stamped or otherwise worked more satisfactorily and economically than alloys which contain chromium, but not boron. The boron may be present in .this alloy as boride of chromium, boride of iron, or in some other form;

Carbon is frequentl present in the alloy of this invention, an while I may prefer to use an alloy which is free of, or does not contain carbon in excess of 0.25 per cent, in some instances the alloy may contain as much as 1.50 er cent carbon without any of the desired properties being adversely affected. Carbon may be present in combination with one or more metals or metalloids, or in uncombined or graphitic form, and in general it may be regarded as an impurity incidental to manufacture, as its presence does not appear to be of any particular advantage, and may frequently e of disadvantage.

Silicon may be present in varying amounts, and while I usually prefer an alloy entirely free, or containing less than 1 per cent of silicon, in some instances it may be of advantage to have the silicon content between 1 and 15 per cent. The silicon may be present in combination with one or more metals or metalloids, or in some other form.

The alloys of this invention may also contain sulfur, phosphorus, etc., usually as impurities incidental to manufacture, and the amount of such impurities should preferably be low, i. e., less than 0.50 per cent.

It will therefore be understood that the alloy of this invention may contain small amounts, e..g., 1 'per cent or less, done or more metals or metalloids in the nature of impurities incidental to manufacture.

The alloy consists predominantly of iron and chromium, each of which exists-in appreclable amounts; and boron, of course, in

appreciable amounts u to 15% is an essential conxifonent of t e alloy of this in vention. owever, other metals-or metalloids may be desired in the alloy for the purpose of giving it special characteristics or properties for special uses.

In some instances it may be of advantage to use as components'of the present alloy, in addition to iron, chromium and boron, varying percentages of one or more metals or metalloids, such as aluminum, beryllium, calcium, cobalt, copper, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, tita- .nium,'tungsten, uranium, vanadium or zirconium. Such components may be present in amounts between 0.10 and 60 per cent depending largely upon the character of the elements added and the properties de-' sired in the final alloy. Thus, as a means 7 of increasing tensile strength, malleability,

resistant properties, degree of hardness, melting point, electrlcal resistance, or for Castings, forgings and other manufactured articles subjected to high'temperatures, the action of carbon, alkalis, salts, many acids, gases containing sulfur, etc., and sudden or intermittent cooling; such as carbonizing and annealing boxes or containers; melting pots for lead, copper, type metals, other metals or alloys, cyanides, nitrates, hydroxides, carbonates, salts, etc.,yalves and other parts for internalcombustion and other types of ensulfates,

gines and motors; parts for furnaces, ovens,

kilns, driers, stoves, etc., such as doors, grates, supports, rails, rakes, automatic stoker parts, chains, links, tubes, etc.; chemical plant equipment, such as valves,

pipe, tanks, pumps, etc., for handling sulfuric, acetic and 1 other acids, sodium or potassium hydroxide, sodium chloride, sodium or potassiuf'n cyanide, etc.; equi ment for brewing, distilling, manufacture 0 food products, soap, fete; ladlcs, slag pots, rolls, molds, dies, piercing tips, etc., for the working of metals, glass, etc.; retorts and other equipment for the refining of petroleum, gas producers, metallurgical roasting furnaces, etc.; die casting molds for non-metallic compounds and vulcanizing equipment.

Castings,iforgings, etc., for railroad and ship equipment and fittings, automobile wheels, bodies, etc., dairy equipment, milk cans, etc., laundry equipment; canning and packing' house: e uipment; mining and metallurgical mac inery, crushers, rolls, ball mills,stamps, etc.; structural members and other equipment for buildings, bridges, radio and power transmission towers, roofs, etc.; cutting and grinding tools, abrasives; hardware, screens, filters, etc., steam and water fittings, plumbing; cutlery and other articles. such as rustless and stainless knives, forks, spoons, etc.; culinary uten- 'sils of all kinds; wire fencing; sporting goods, guns, golf clubs, etc.; tools and inparting thereto any qualities or character- I istics, e. g., such as increasing the tensile strength, ductility, malleability, etc, and such semi-finished or finished articles may be ground, polished, bufi'ed or otherwise treated for the purpose of making the products more resistant to oxidation, rustmg, corrosion, etc.

The herein described alloys may be produced by a number of methods, such for example, as by melting together reformed iron, chromium and boron in pre etermined proportions; by adding boron or a boron containing compound, such as boron and calcium, boron and chromium, boron and iron, boron and nickel, boron and aluminum, etc, to a bath containing iron and chromium; or by the more or less simultaneous reduction of predetermined amounts of oxygen or other compounds of iron, chromium and boron.

I do not claim herein any of the improved metallurgical processes for the production of the alloys of the resent invention, as these form the sub ect matter of additional applications.

Scrap or by-products resulting from the manufacture or industrial application of the alloys of this invention may be recovered by remelting, or other suitable I means.

' poses,

confined in the use of the improved alloys It will be evident that the present invention provides alloys possessing numerous improved and advantageous properties, and that the alloys may be composed principally of iron, chromium and boron in vary ing proportions and be entirely or substantially free of impurities; or they may advantageously contain varying amounts of one or more other metals or metalloids alloyed therewith.

It will further be evident that the improved alloys may be used for castings, forgoings and other articles of manufacture, and that such products may beutilized for many difierent applications or purand therefore I do not wish to be to any specific application or product.

1.50%,tl1e balancebeing principally iron.

2. An alloy comprising chromium 5 to 35%; boron in appreciable amounts up to 15%; the balance being principally iron.

3. An alloy comprisin chromium 20'to 60%; boron; in apprecia le amounts up to 15%; carbon in appreciable amounts up to 1.50%; the balance being principally 1ron.

4. An alloy comprising chromium 5 to 60%; boron in appreciable amounts up to 1.5%; carbon in appreciable amounts up to 1.5% the balance being principally iron.

5. An alloy comprising chromium-20 to 60%; boron in appreciable amounts up to 15%; the balance being principally iron.

6. An alloy comprising chromium 5 to 60%; boron in appreciable amounts up to 15%; the balance being principally 1ron. 7. An alloy comprising chromium 5 to 60%; boron in appreciable amounts up to 15%; carbon in appreciable amounts up to 1.5%; calcium, tungsten, molybdenum, silicon, aluminum, manganese. nickel, cobalt, vanadium, titanium, uranium, and zirconium in apreciable amounts up to 25%; the remainder being principally iron.

8. An alloy comprising chromium 5 to 60%; boron in appreciable amounts up to 15% calcium, tungsten, molybdenum; silicon, aluminum, manganese, nickel, cobalt, vanadium, titanium, uranium, and zirconium in appreciable amounts up to 25%; the

, remainder being princi ally 1ron.

P chromium 5 to 9. Anralloy comprisin 60%; boronin appreciab e amounts up to 15%; tungsten in appreciable amounts up to 30%; carbon in appreciable amounts up to 1.5%; the balance being principally iron. p

10. An alloy comprising chromium 5 to 60%; boron in appreciable amounts up to 15%; nickle in appreciable amounts up to 30%; carbon in ap reciable amounts up to p the balance ing principally 1ron.

a ANTHONY G. DE GOLYER. 

